Part I

1 Hereby
Hereby: by means of; by reason of this
特此，因此，兹等意，常用于法律文件、合同、协议书等正式文件的开头语；在条款中需要强调时也可用。
例 1
This Contract is hereby made and concluded by and between __________ Co. ( hereinafter referred to as Party A ) and __________ Co. ( hereinafter referred to as Party B ) on ________ ( Date ), in ________ ( Place ), China, on the principle of equality and mutual benefit and through amicable consultation.
Chinese version for reference:
本合同双方，_________公司（ 以下称甲方）与 _________公司（以下称乙方）， 在平等互利基础上，通过友好协商，于____ 年 ____ 月 _____ 日在中国_______ （地点），特签订本合同。
例 2
The Parties to this Contract, in the spirit of friendly cooperation, hereby signed and concluded this Contract in accordance with the following terms and conditions:
Chinese version for reference:
双方本着友好合作的精神，特签订本合同，其条件如下：

2 Hereof
Hereof: of this 关于此点，在本文件中。
例 1
Foreign trade dealers as mentioned in this Law shall, in accordance with the provisions hereof, cover such legal entities and other organizations as are engaged in foreign trade dealings.
Notes:
1) foreign trade dealers 外贸经营者
2) legal entities 法人
Chinese version for reference:
本法所称对外贸易经营者，是指依照本法规定从事对外贸易经营活动的法人和其他组织。
例　2
If, as a result of withdrawal or any other reasons, an arbitrator fails to perform his duties as an arbitrator, another arbitrator shall, in accordance with the provisions hereof, be selected or appointed.
Chinese version for reference:
仲裁员因回避或者其他原因不能履行职责的，应当依照本法规定重新选定或指定仲裁员。
例 3
The Attachments to this Contract shall be deemed a part hereof and shall be effective as any other provision hereof.
Notes:
1) The Attachments to this Contract 本合同的附件
2) shall be deemed a part hereof 应被视为本合同的一部分
3) any other provisions hereof 其他条款
Chinese version for reference:
本合同的附件应被视为本合同的一部分，与其他条款有同样效力。

3 Hereto
Heret to this 至此，对此。
例 1
This Contract shall be in duplicate, to be held by each of the Parties hereto and shall have two copies kept by each of the Parties hereto for the record.
Chinese version for reference:
本合同一式两份，合同双方各执一份，并各保留两份复印件，供双方存档。
例 2
The scope of Works of this Contract shall be specified in such Drawings and bills of Quantities as are attached hereto.
Notes:
1) The scope of Works工程范围
2) Bills of Quantities 工程量表
Chinese version for reference:
本合同工程范围应按所附的图纸及工程量表中规定的范围。
例 3
In the event that there shall be newly increased items of Work, the Parties hereto shall enter into an agreement for the unit price of such items.
Notes:
1) In the event that 如果
2) newly increased items of Work新增加工程
3) the unit price of such items该项新增工程的单价
Chinese version for reference:
如果需新增加工程，双方应另行协定该项新增工程的单价。

4 Herein
Herein: in this 此中，于此。
例 1
The term “company” mentioned herein refers to a limited liability company or a company limited by shares established within the territory of China in accordance with this Law.
Notes:
1) herein: in this Law在本法中
2) this Law: Company Law of the People’s Republic of China中华人民共和国公司法
3) a company liability company 有限责任公司
4) a company limited by shares股份有限公司
Chinese version for reference:
本法所称公司是指依照本法在中国境内设立的有限责任公司和股份有限公司。
例 2
The terms “FOB”, “CFR” or “CIF” shall be subject to the “International Rules for the Interpretation of Trade Terms” (INCOTERMS, 2000) provided by International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) unless otherwise specified herein (in this Contract).
Chinese version for reference:
除非本合同另有规定，“FOB”、 “CFR” 和“CIF” 均应依照国际商会制定的《国际贸易术语解释通则（INCOTERMS） 2000》办理。
例 3
The procedures contained herein shall be followed by the concerned agencies of the People’s Republic of China (PRC), responsible for the implementation of the Bank-supported projects.
Notes:
1) The procedures contained herein: 本文件中规定的程序
2) the concerned agencies: 有关机构
3） the implementation of the Bank-supported projects执行世界银行贷款项目
the Bank: the World Bank
Chinese version for reference:
执行世界银行贷款项目的中华人民共和国各有关机构，均遵循本文所规定的程序。

5 Hereinafter
Hereinafter: later in the same Contract
以下，在下文。一般与to be referred to as, referred to as, called 等词组连用，以避免重复。
例 1
In accordance with the Law of the People’s Republic of China on Chinese-Foreign Equity Joint Ventures and the Contract signed by and between ___________ Co. ( hereinafter referred to as Party A) and ___________ CO. ( hereinafter referred to as Party B), the articles of association hereby is formulated and prepared.
Notes:
1) Law of the People’s Republic of China on Chinese-Foreign Equity Joint Ventures: 中华人民共和国中外合资经营企业法
2) articles of association：合营公司章程（条款）
Chinese version for reference:
根据《中华人民共和国中外合资经营企业法》以及由___________公司（以下称甲方）与___________公司（以下称乙方）所订的合资经营的合同，特制订本公司章程。
例 2
When existing Chinese-foreign equity joint ventures, Chinese-foreign cooperative joint ventures and wholly foreign-owned enterprises (hereinafter referred to as “enterprises with foreign investment”) apply to reorganize themselves into a company, the enterprises with foreign investment shall have a record of making profits for the recent three consecutive years.
Notes:
1）Chinese-foreign equity joint ventures : 中外合资经营企业
2) Chinese-foreign cooperative joint ventures：中外合作经营企业
3）foreign-owned enterprises：外资企业
Chinese version for reference:
已设立的中外合资经营企业、中外合作经营企业，外资企业（以下简称外商投资企业）， 如申请转变为公司的，应有最近连续3年的盈利记录。
例 3
The following words and expressions in the Contract (as hereinafter defined) shall have the meanings hereby assigned to them, except where the Contract otherwise requires.
Notes:
1）except where the Contract otherwise requires: 除根据合同另有要求者外
Chinese version for reference:
以下合同（如下文定义）中的用语和用词，除根据合同另有要求者外，应具有下述所赋予它们的涵义。

6 Therein
Therein: in that; in that particular context; in that respect.
在那里；在那点上，在那方面。
例 1
“Temporary Works” means all temporary works of every kind (other than the Contractor’s Equipment) required in or about the execution and completion of the Works and the remedying of any defects therein.
Chinese version for reference:
临时工程是指在工程施工、竣工和修补工程中任何缺陷时需要或与上述工程阶段有关的所有各种临时工程，但承包人的设备除外。
例 2
A certificate of the Borrower shall, substantially, comply with the form set forth in Appendix 4, and the attachments specified therein.
Chinese version for reference:
借款人证明书，其格式基本上应遵照附录4规定的格式及其规定的附件。
例 3
The Contractor shall, with due care and diligence, design (to the extent provided for by the Contract), execute and complete the Works and remedy any defects therein under the provisions of the Contract.
Chinese version for reference:
承包人应根据合同的各项规定，以应有的细心和勤勉，设计（在合同规定的范围内）、施工和完成工程，并修补工程中缺陷。

7 Thereof
Thereof: of that, of it它的，其。
例 1
The headings and marginal notes in these conditions shall not be deemed part thereof or be taken into consideration in the interpretation or construction thereof of the Contract.
Notes:
1) headings: 标题
2) marginal notes: 旁注
3) deem: consider视为，认为
4） construction: interpretation解释
Chinese version for reference:
合同条件（条款）中的标题及旁注不应视为条件（条款）的一部分，在合同条件（条款）或合同本身的解释中也不应加以考虑。
例 2
Arbitration: All disputes in connection with the Contract or arising in the execution thereof shall first be settled amicably by negotiation. In case no settlement can be reached, the case under dispute may then be submitted for arbitration.
Chinese version for reference:
凡有关该合同或因执行该合同而发生的一切争执，双方应以友好的方式协商解决，如协商不能解决，可提交仲裁。
例 3
“Time for Completion” means the time for completing the execution of and passing the Test on Completion of the Works or any section or part thereof as stated in the Contract (or as extended under Clause 44) calculated from the Commencement Date.
Notes:
1) Time for Completion: 竣工时间
2) Test on Completion of the Works: 竣工验收（检验）
3) Commencement Date ：开工日
Chinese version for reference:
“竣工时间”指合同规定从工程开工日期算起（或按第44条延长工期）到工程或其任何部分或区段施工结束并且通过竣工检验的时间。

8 Thereafter
Thereafter: after that 此后
例 1
The Contractor shall, during the execution of the Works and thereafter, provide all necessary superintendence as long as the Engineer may consider necessary for the proper fulfilling of the Contractor’s obligations under the Contract.
Chinese version for reference:
只要工程师认为是为正确履行合同规定的承包人义务所必需时，承包人应在工程施工期间及其后，提供一切必要的监督。

9 Thereto
Theret to that 向那里
例 1
“Contract Products” means the products specified in Appendix 2 to this Contract, together with all improvement and modifications thereof or developments with respect thereto.
Chinese version for reference:
“合同产品”，系指本合同附件2中规定的产品及其改进发展的产品。

10 Therewith
Therewith: with that 以此；此外
例 1
The Contractor shall be deemed to have inspected and examined the Site and its surroundings and information available in connection therewith and to have satisfied himself
Chinese version for reference:
承包人应被视为对现场、其周围环境及其有关可利用的资料已进行了视察和考察。

1 Whereas
Whereas: considering that 鉴于，就……而论（法律用语）

例 1
Whereas the first Party is willing to employ the second Party and the second Party agrees to act as the first Party’s Engineer in Bamako, it is hereby mutually agreed as follows:
Chinese version for reference:
鉴于甲方愿意聘请乙方，乙方同意应聘为甲方在巴马科（工程）的工程师，合同双方特此达成协议如下：

例 2
Whereas Party B and Party A have entered into this Contract to install Party A’s air-conditioning equipment, the Parties hereto do hereby agree as follows:
Chinese version for reference:
鉴于乙方与甲方订立本合同，安装甲方的空气调节设备，双方同意如下：

2 In Witness Whereof
Whereby：In Witness Whereof：作为所协议事项的证据，这个短语常常在合同结尾条款中使用，可译为“特此立（证）裾”，“以此立（证）据”等；
In Testimony Whereof：以此为证，特立此证；
Whereby: by the agreement; by the following terms and conditions, etc.凭此协议，凭此条款等。

例 1
In Witness Whereof the Parties hereto have caused this Agreement to be executed on the day and year first before written in accordance with their respective laws.
Notes:
the day and year first before written: 上面所（签）订日期
Chinese version for reference:
本协议书于上面所签订的日期，由双方根据各自的法律签订，开始执行，特立此据。

例 2
In Testimony Whereof, we have hereto signed this document on _______(day/month/year).
Chinese version for reference:
我方于___年____月____日签署本文，特此证明。

例 3
A sales contract refers to a contract whereby the seller transfers the ownership of an object to the buyer and the buyer pays the price for the object.
Chinese version for reference:
买卖合同是出卖人转让标的物的所有权于买受人， 买受人支付价款的合同。

3 Know All Men by These Presents;
Undersigned;　Now Therefore
Know All Men by These Presents:　根据本文件，特此宣布；
Undersigned:法律文件末尾的签名者，前面加定冠词the, 是指文件签署者的自称；
Now Therefore: 特此，因此等。这个短语一般接whereas 之后，引出具体协议事项的常用开头词，并与其后的hereby 连用，译“兹”，“特此”。

例 1
Know All Men by these presents that we_(bank’s name)__ having our registered office at ______ (hereinafter called “the Bank”) will be bound unto_(the Owner’s name)_ (hereinafter called “the Owner”) in sum of ______ for payment well and truly to be made to the said Owner, the Bank will bind itself, its successors and better assignee by these presents.
Notes:
1）registered office : 注册办公地点
2）be bound unt 对……有义务
3）well and truly: 确实地
Chinese version for reference:
根据本文件, 兹宣布, 我行, (银行名称), 其注册地点在 (注册地名) (以下称银行), 向 (业主名称) (以下称业主) 立约担保支付 (金额数) 的保证金。本保证书对银行及其继承人和受让人均具有约束力．

例 2
The undersigned Seller and Buyer have agreed to close the following transaction in accordance with the terms and conditions stipulated as follows:
Chinese version for reference:
兹经签约的买卖双方同意，按下列条款，达成这笔交易。

例 3
And Whereas we have agreed to give the Contractor such Bank Guarantee; Now Therefore we hereby affirm that we are the Guarantor and responsible to you, on behalf of the Contractor, up to a total of_(amount of guarantee) ____(in words)___, such sum being payable in types and proportions of currencies in which the Contract is payable.
Notes:
(1) Guarantor: 保证人, 担保人
(2) in words: 用文字书写金额
(3) the types and proportions of currencies : 货币的种类和比例
Chinese version for reference:
本银行（或金融机构）已同意为承包人出具保证函，我们因此同意作为保证人，并代表承包人以支付合同价款所规定的货币种类和比例，向你方担保总金额为 (大写) 的保证金。

4 Unless Otherwise
This expression is more formal than “if not” and “otherwise”. 除非。
例1：
Unless otherwise specified in the Contract, the supplied Goods shall be packed by standard protective measures.
Notes: 1) specified: stipulated 规定
Chinese version for reference:
除非合同另有规定，（卖方）提供的全部货物， 均应按标准的保护措施进行包装。
例2 ：
The Contractor shall not subcontract the whole of the Works. Except where otherwise provided by the Contract, the Contractor shall not subcontract any part of the Works without the prior consent of the engineer.
Notes: 1) subcontract: 分包 2) except otherwise: unless otherwise除非
Chinese version for reference:
承包人不得将整个工程分包出去。除合同另有规定外无工程师的事先同意，承包人不得将工程的任何部分分包出去。
例3
The Contractor shall, unless otherwise provided in the Contract, make his own arrangements for the engagement of all staff and labor, local or other, and for their payment, housing, feeding and transport.
Notes: 1) the engagement: 雇用 2) labor: 劳务，一般指unskilled workers
Chinese version for reference:
除非合同另有规定，承包人应自行安排从当地或其他地方雇用的所有职员和劳务人员，以及他们的报酬、住房、膳食和交通。

５　In Accordance with; Under; Pursuant to
In Accordance with; Under; Pursuant to 根据，按照。比according to 正式
例1
“Permanent Works” means the permanent works to be executed” (including Plant) in accordance with the Contract.
Chinese version for reference:
“永久工程”是根据合同将实施的永久工程（包括机械设备）。
例2
Neither the Consultants nor their Sub-consultants nor the Personnel of either of them shall, either directly or indirectly, engage in such business or professional activities in China as conflict with the activities assigned to them under this Contract.
Chinese version for reference:
咨询人，分包咨询人或两类人员，均不能直接或间接地在中国从事与本合同所赋予的活动相冲突的商业或职业活动。
例3
“Retention Money” means the aggregate of all monies retained by the Employer pursuant to Sub-Clause 60.2(a).
Notes: 1) Retention money: 保留金 2) monies: 款项
Chinese version for reference:
“保留金”是指业主根据第60.2（a）款规定留存的所有款项的总额。

６　 In Respect of; In Respect Thereof
涉及，至于，在……方面，比about, concerning, as regards正式。
例1
Prior to making a claim under the performance security, the Employer shall, in every case, notify the Contractor stating the nature of the default in respect of which the claim is to be made.
Chinese version for reference:
根据履约保证，提出索赔之前，在任何情况下，业主应通知承包人，针对提出的索赔说明违约的性质。
例2
The Employer shall indemnify the Contractor against all claims, proceedings, damages, costs, charges and expenses in respect of the matters (referred to in the exceptions) defined in Sub-Clause 22.2.
Notes: 1) indemnify the Contractor against: 免除承包人
Chinese version for reference:
业主应保障承包人免除承担属于第22.2款规定情况下的所有索赔，诉讼，损害，诉讼费，指控费及其他开支。
例3
The Employer shall not be liable to the Contractor for any matter or thing arising out of or in connection with the Contract or execution of the Works, unless the Contractor shall have included a claim in respect thereof in his Final Statement and in the Statement at Completion referred to in Sub-Clause 60.5.
Notes: 1) Final Statement: 最终报表 2) Statement at Completion：竣工证书
Chinese version for reference:
除非承包人在其最终报表中以及在第60.5款提及的竣工报表中已经包括索赔事宜，对由合同及工程实施引起的或与之有关的任何问题和事件，雇主不应对承包人负有责任。

７ In the Event That; In the Event of
如果，如果……发生，比when正式
例1
In the event that the Contract Price or any other terms of the Contract changes after the issuance of the Letter of Credit (or letter of Guarantee) the Owner shall arrange for such Letter to be amended accordingly as soon as possible after any such change.
Notes: 1)the issuance of the Letter of Credit开具信用证 2）Letter of Guarantee保函，保证书
3）the Owner业主
Chinese version for reference:
如果在信用证（或保函）开出后，合同总价或合同其他条款发生变化，业主应尽快安排对信用证（或保函）进行相应的修改。
例2
Either Party hereto may terminate this Agreement in the event of the bankruptcy or insolvency of the other party. 本协议任何一方可以在对方破产或资不抵债的情况下终止本协议。

8 Provided that
但规定，规定，但是。表示转折。
例1
Instructions given by the Engineer shall be in writing, provided that if for any reason the Engineer considers it necessary to give any such instruction orally, the contractor shall comply with such instruction.
Chinese version for reference:
由工程师发出的指令应为书面形式。但规定，如果由于某种原因，工程师认为有必要以口头形式发出指令，承包人应遵照执行。
例2
The Owner may, at its discretion, approve or reject any change proposed by the Contractor, provided that the Owner shall approve any change proposed by the Contractor to ensure the safety of the Works.
Notes: 1) at one’s discretion: freedom to act in accordance with one’s judgment
Chinese version for reference:
业主可赞成或拒绝由承包人提出的变更，但应接受承包人提出的保证工程安全方面的变更建议。

9 Be Deemed
be believed, be considered. 被认为，法律文件中的正式用语。
例1
Only the Defects Liability Certificate referred to in Clause 62, shall be deemed to constitute approval of the Works.
Notes: 1) the Defects Liability Certificate 缺陷责任书
Chinese version for reference:
只有第62条规定的缺陷责任书才能视为构成对工程的批准。
10 In Question
“在考虑中的或在议论中的”某一问题，可译为“这”或“该”问题。
例1
All prices to be paid by the Buyer under its obligations of the buyback/counter-purchase Contract shall be the world market prices taking into account the other delivery terms for the goods in question.
Chinese version for reference:
买方根据返销或回购货物合同的义务所支付的价格应为世界市场价格，结合考虑该货物的其他交货条件。
例2
It is common for Tenders to be identified by such a tender reference or contract number as shall be added to link the Tender to the Project in question.
Notes: 1) tender reference: 投标参考编号
Chinese version for reference:
通常为了把投标书和有关工程项目联系在一起，投标书应标明投标参考编号或合同号。

11 In Case; In (the) Case of
if 如果
例1
In case Party B considers it necessary to employ a foreign auditor registered in another country to undertake annual financial verification and examination, Party A shall give its consent. All the expenses thereof shall be borne by Party B.
Chinese version for reference:
如果乙方认为需要聘请另一国注册审计师对年度财务进行审查，甲方应予以同意，其所需的一切费用应由乙方负担。
例2
In the case of carriage by sea or by more than one mode of transport including carriage by sea, banks will refuse a transport document stating that the goods are or will be loaded on deck, unless specially authorized in the credit.
Chinese version for reference:
如属海运或多种类型运输中包括海运，除非信用证特别授权，银行将拒受注明货装舱面或将装舱面的运输单据。

11 Be Liable for; Be Liable to
应负有责任
例1
In case Party A and Party B of the joint venture company agree to continue the operation, the Party who fails to fulfill the obligations shall be liable for the economic losses thus caused to the joint venture company.
Chinese version for reference:
如果甲乙双方同意继续经营，违约方应赔偿合资公司的经济损失。
例2
A company may invest in other limited liability companies or companies limited by shares and be liable to the companies which it has invested in to the extent of the amount of capital invested in such companies.
Chinese version for reference:
公司可以向其他有限责任公司、股份有限公司投资，并以该出资额为限对投资公司承担责任。

12 In Witness Whereof; In Testimony Whereof
特此立证；以此为证
例1
In Witness Whereof the Parties hereto have caused this Agreement to be executed on the day and year first before written in accordance with their respective laws.
Notes:1) the day and year first before written: 上面所（签）订日期
Chinese version for reference:
本协议书于上面所签订的日期，由双方根据各自的法律签订，开始执行，特立此据。
例2
In Testimony Whereof, we have hereto signed this document on _______(day/month/year).
Chinese version for reference:
我方于___年____月____日签署本文，特此证明。

13 Now Therefore
特此，因此等。这个短语一般接whereas之后，并与其后的hereby连用，可译为“兹”，“特此”。
例1
And Whereas we have agreed to give the Contractor such Bank Guarantee; Now Therefore we hereby affirm that we are the Guarantor and responsible to you, on behalf of the Contractor, up to a total of_(amount of guarantee) ____(in words)___, such sum being payable in types and proportions of currencies in which the Contract is payable.
Notes: 1) Guarantor: 保证人，担保人 2) in words: 用文字书写金额
3) the types and proportions of currencies : 货币的种类和比例
Chinese version for reference:
本银行（或金融机构）已同意为承包人出具保证函，我们因此同意作为保证人，并代表承包人以支付合同价款所规定的货币种类和比例，向你方担保总金额为_（大写)__ 的保证金。

对不起，老师

混积分的

对不起，老师

混积分的

谢谢王老师！看得眼有点花了。